When we travel to our
destiny we think how we will enjoy, we will know something new, meet people,
eat other food, etc. But nobody thinks about the impact that we produced in
this place when we stay there.
For this reason the
governments and eco activists have been proposed alternative ways of conserving
and promoting the environment. This alternative ways are the balance among
economic development and the impact in the ecosystem.
Since 2000 (tourism) begins a meteoric
rise, achieving third place among the major economic activity which foreign
exchange and, according to other sources, is soon to reach second place. But
its renewable and sustainable (unlike mining, main economic activity) allow you
to climb to places of prime interest in both government and private care.
Now we going to expose negative and
positive aspects of tourism and then we explain how Peru affront and prevent
the negative aspects to conserving their land
Negative aspects
These appear as a general situation.
That are triggered by the nature of tourism and lack of control.
We could divide it in three categories
Economic impacts
- · Unequal distribution of income
generated by tourism, both generally and communities.
- · The inflow of foreign exchange (who
stay in the country) as a result of tourism is minimal, the system "all
inclusive package"
- · Shifting agricultural labor for
tourism.
- · Competition from foreign products with
the locals.
- ·
Salary level low relative to the high profits generated by tourism.
Sociocultural impact
- ·
Transculturation.
- ·
Crime
in general.
- ·
Diseases
and vices (prostitution, alcoholism and drug addiction).
- ·
Loss
of national identity.
- ·
Loss
of use of native languages and dialects (Quechua, Aymara).
Ecological impacts
- ·
Degradation
of natural areas for the construction of tourist infrastructure.
- ·
Degradation
of critical areas inside and outside protected areas, overuse.
- ·
Pollution
in general.
- ·
Increase
in the extraction and marketing of flora and fauna to be offered to the
tourist.
Good management of tourism, such as in Peru, with the collaboration of national, international, government, non-governmental and autonomous institutions, reports the following benefits
We could divide it in three categories
Economic impacts
- · Infrastructure development (airports,
roads, resorts, etc).
- · Employment generation (direct,
indirect).
- · Generation of foreign exchange.
- · Increase and improvement of national
handicrafts.
- · Increase the number of bilingual
people.
- · Communication technology (cable, phone,
etc).
Sociocultural impacts
- · Rescue of colonial monuments.
- · Diffusion of folk music.
- · Improving the level of knowledge of the
native in the cultural and social aspect and offer it to tourists.
- · Increase the number of people who learn
other languages (German, Italian, English).
Ecological impacts
- · Income generation management of
protected areas.
- · Recognizing the need to obtain, expand
and improve the quality of information on natural areas and / or protected.
- · Recognize the need for basic
infrastructure to offer better service.
- · National consciousness about protecting
many natural areas.
As we already know the tourism is one of
the strongest things of Peru, because is a country with an ancient history,
wonderful places, delicious food, traditional art, a lot of fauna and flora,
etc.
The Government has interesting in the
tourism because is a generator of wide wealth, for this reason in Peru the
tourism is so controlled, the regulations are very strong and everybody is
interest in the conservation of the environment, culture, and ancient places.
So, Peru have many public institutions
and plans to regulate the impact of the tourism.
They impulse the ecotourism or
sustainable tourism in every region both local level and national level. Through
the “ministerio del Medioambiente”, “Consejo Nacional del Ambiente”,
“Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica”, “Comisiones Ambientales
Regionales”, “Agendas y Planes de Acción Ambientales Regionales”, “Estándares
de calidad ambiental”, and other institutions like the WTO.
Peru is subscribed on sustainable
tourism that is define by the WTO "a model of economic development
designed to improve the quality of life of the host community, providing
visitors a high quality experience and maintain the environmental quality of
both the host community and the visitor depend. "Also argues that tourism
can be one of the answers if it is respectful to the environment, is based on
sustaining natural and cultural basis and not waste this resource capital.
For more, see all the information of the
conservation plan at: http://fama2.us.es:8080/turismo/turismonet1/economia%20del%20turismo/ultimos/lineamientos%20para%20la%20promocion%20del%20turismo%20sostenible%20en%20las%20regiones.pdf
Bibliography
- "Impacto del turismo en el Peru" (http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtualdata/publicaciones/indata/vol6_n1/pdf/impactos.pdf)
- "Buscando un nuevo modelo de ecoturismo" (http://lista-turismo.blogspot.com/)
- "Ley 26410" (http://www.osinerg.gob.pe/newweb/uploads/GFGN/L26410.pdf)
- "Lineamientos para la promocion del turismo sostenible en las regiones" (http://fama2.us.es:8080/turismo/turismonet1/economia%20del%20turismo/ultimos/lineamientos%20para%20la%20promocion%20del%20turismo%20sostenible%20en%20las%20regiones.pdf)
- "Peru: turismo y cultura" (http://tmoperumartell.blogspot.com/)
